1 2 3 "A-rabs and Arabs", John McIntyre, Baltimore Sun. "The Oxford English Dictionary locates this sense of "a homeless little wanderer, a child of the street" in a citation from 1848."
↑ “IRIN In-Depth”. www.irinnews.org. Truy cập ngày 5 tháng 2 năm 2008. Đã bỏ qua văn bản “ East Africa ” (trợ giúp); Đã bỏ qua văn bản “ Kenya ” (trợ giúp); Đã bỏ qua văn bản “ KENYA: Nairobi’s Street Children: Hope for Kenya’s future generation ” (trợ giúp); Đã bỏ qua văn bản “ Children ” (trợ giúp); Đã bỏ qua văn bản “ In-Depth” (trợ giúp)
↑ Boswell John (1988). The Kindness of Strangers: The Abandonment of Children in Western Europe from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance. New York. pp. 112, 172.
↑ For a brief survey of changes over the centuries in the tsarist government’s response to besprizornost’ and juvenile delinquency, see: Krasnushkin et al.. Nishchenstvo i besprizornost’. pp. 116–122.
For a bibliography of works published prior to 1913 on besprizornost’ and juvenile delinquency, see: Gernet M. N. (1912). Deti-prestupniki. Moscow. prilozhenie 3.
For more on homeless children and juvenile delinquency in prerevolutionary Russia, see: Neuberger Joan (1985). Crime and Culture: Hooliganism in St. Petersburg, 1900–1914. Ph.D. dissertation. Stanford University. Ryndziunskii G. D.; T. M. Savinskaia (1932). Detskoe pravo. Pravovoe polozhenie detei v RSFSR. 3d ed. Moscow-Leningrad. pp. 273–274. Liublinskii. Bor’ba. pp. 46–50. Madison Bernice Q. (1968). Social Welfare in the Soviet Union. Stanford. chap. 1. Kalinina A. D. (1928). Desiat’ let raboty po bor’be s detskoi besprizornost’iu. Moscow-Leningrad. pp. 18–21. Ransel David L. (1988). Mothers of Misery: Child Abandonment in Russia. Princeton.
